The impact of backpack load on foot arch development in school- aged children: a pilot study

Background
The weight of school backpacks significantly affects children's health and posture. Heavy backpacks are known contributors to postural defects, back pain, and general discomfort among students.

Aims
This pilot study aims to provide a preliminary assessment of the relationship between backpack weight and foot arch structure in primary school-aged children. It also addresses the growing issue of heavy backpacks carried by these children.

Material and methods
The study included 69 fourth-grade students (aged 9-10), for whom body weight, height, BMI, and backpack weight were measured. Foot arch structure was assessed using a plantographic method, with footprints classified according to Bochenek’s classification.

Results
The average backpack weight was 4.72 kg, and in 70% of cases, it exceeded 20% of the child’s body weight. No significant differences in backpack weight were observed between girls and boys. Higher BMI and body weight were correlated with a higher prevalence of flat feet, while lower BMI was associated with a higher incidence of high-arched feet. The distribution of normal and flat feet was similar regardless of gender, BMI, and body weight

Conclusions
A considerable proportion of schoolaged children carry backpacks exceeding recommended weight limits, highlighting a public health concern. While this pilot study found no significant direct correlation between backpack weight and changes in foot arch structure, it did indicate that higher BMI and body weight have a stronger relationship with flat feet. These preliminary findings suggest the need for larger-scale studies to further investigate the long-term biomechanical and postural effects of heavy backpacks on children’s developing bodies