Impact of myofascial trigger point therapy on reducing chronic tension pain in the cervicothoracic spine among healthcare workers

Background
Musculoskeletal pain significantly impairs daily functioning and reduces quality of life. Myofascial trigger point therapy, including ischemic compression techniques, has shown potential in alleviating pain.

Aims
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of myofascial trigger point therapy compared to classic massage on chronic tension pain in the neck and thoracic regions among nurses and midwives, attributed to myofascial trigger points.

Material and methods
A randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted involving 24 medical staff members from the Municipal Hospital Complex in Częstochowa, Poland. Participants were treated with either myofascial trigger point therapy or classic back massage. Outcomes were assessed using the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Laitinen Questionnaire.

Results
Myofascial trigger point therapy demonstrated superior effectiveness over classic massage. In the treatment group, the NDI scores decreased by 74.64% (Δ=8.34, P P<0.002), while the control group showed an 18.63% reduction (Δ=2.25, P<0.009). The VAS scores in the treatment group decreased by 79.91% (Δ=3.66, P<0.001), compared to a 16.75% reduction (Δ=0.67, P<0.006) in the control group. Similarly, the Laitinen Questionnaire scores improved by 74.55% (Δ=4.16, P=0.002) in the treatment group, while the control group showed a marginal 12.21% reduction (Δ=0.58, P=0.053).

Conclusions
Both myofascial trigger point therapy and classic massage effectively reduce pain and improve the range of motion. However, trigger point therapy provides significantly greater improvements in overall well-being and pain relief.