Functional assessment of temporomandibular joints with consideration of cervical spine range of motion: Proposal for modification of standard axiographic examination – a case report

Łukasz Kaczmarek; Beata Kaczmarek; Andrzej Myśliwiec; Anna Lipowicz; Krzysztof Dowgierd

doi:10.5114/phr.2025.157946

eISSN: 2719-9665
ISSN: 2719-5139

Physiotherapy Review

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4/2025
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abstract:

Original paper

Functional assessment of temporomandibular joints with consideration of cervical spine range of motion: Proposal for modification of standard axiographic examination – a case report

Łukasz Kaczmarek

^{1, 2}

,

Beata Kaczmarek

^{1, 2}

,

Andrzej Myśliwiec

²

,

Anna Lipowicz

³

,

Krzysztof Dowgierd

⁴

HOLIMEDICA Private Physiotherapy Practice, Poland
Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Physiotherapy and Physioprevention, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
Department of Anthropology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland

Physiotherapy Review, 2025, 29(4), 73–80

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/phr.2025.157946

Online publish date: 2025/12/22

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AMA

Kaczmarek Ł, Kaczmarek B, Myśliwiec A, Lipowicz A, Dowgierd K. Functional assessment of temporomandibular joints with consideration of cervical spine range of motion: Proposal for modification of standard axiographic examination – a case report. Physiotherapy Review. 2025;29(4):73-80. doi:10.5114/phr.2025.157946.

APA

Kaczmarek, Ł., Kaczmarek, B., Myśliwiec, A., Lipowicz, A.,  & Dowgierd, K. (2025). Functional assessment of temporomandibular joints with consideration of cervical spine range of motion: Proposal for modification of standard axiographic examination – a case report. Physiotherapy Review, 29(4), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.5114/phr.2025.157946

Chicago

Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Beata Kaczmarek, Andrzej Myśliwiec, Anna Lipowicz,  and Krzysztof Dowgierd. 2025. "Functional assessment of temporomandibular joints with consideration of cervical spine range of motion: Proposal for modification of standard axiographic examination – a case report". Physiotherapy Review 29 (4): 73-80. doi:10.5114/phr.2025.157946.

Harvard

Kaczmarek, Ł., Kaczmarek, B., Myśliwiec, A., Lipowicz, A.,  and Dowgierd, K. (2025). Functional assessment of temporomandibular joints with consideration of cervical spine range of motion: Proposal for modification of standard axiographic examination – a case report. Physiotherapy Review, 29(4), pp.73-80. https://doi.org/10.5114/phr.2025.157946

MLA

Kaczmarek, Łukasz et al. "Functional assessment of temporomandibular joints with consideration of cervical spine range of motion: Proposal for modification of standard axiographic examination – a case report." Physiotherapy Review, vol. 29, no. 4, 2025, pp. 73-80. doi:10.5114/phr.2025.157946.

Vancouver

Kaczmarek Ł, Kaczmarek B, Myśliwiec A, Lipowicz A, Dowgierd K. Functional assessment of temporomandibular joints with consideration of cervical spine range of motion: Proposal for modification of standard axiographic examination – a case report. Physiotherapy Review. 2025;29(4):73-80. doi:10.5114/phr.2025.157946.

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Introduction
The temporomandibular joints (TMJs) play a crucial role in the functioning of the masticatory system. TMJ dysfunctions may manifest as pain, limited range of motion, and altered body posture. Digital axiography is an objective method for evaluating TMJ function.

Aims
The aim of this case study was to assess, using Zebris digital axiography, the effect of head position on mandibular range of motion in a patient with skeletal Class II open bite and TMJ-related pain

Case report
igital axiography was performed in three head positions: neutral, and maximum lateral flexion to the left and right. The results demonstrated significant changes in mandibular motion parameters depending on head position. Compared with the neutral position, lateral head flexion resulted in a reduction in laterotrusion (by 20.5% to the left and 22.9% to the right) and in mouth opening (by 9.1% to the left and 26.8% to the right).

Summary
These findings indicate that head position affects TMJ biomechanics and highlight the importance of considering head position during diagnosis and treatment planning in patients with open bite.

keywords:

temporomandibular joint; orthognathic surgery; open bite; head position; mandibular range of motion; digital axiography

PUBLISHER

Functional assessment of temporomandibular joints with consideration of cervical spine range of motion: Proposal for modification of standard axiographic examination – a case report

Łukasz Kaczmarek 1, 2 , Beata Kaczmarek 1, 2 , Andrzej Myśliwiec 2 , Anna Lipowicz 3 , Krzysztof Dowgierd 4

temporomandibular joint; orthognathic surgery; open bite; head position; mandibular range of motion; digital axiography

Łukasz Kaczmarek

^{1, 2}

,

Beata Kaczmarek

^{1, 2}

,

Andrzej Myśliwiec

²

,

Anna Lipowicz

³

,

Krzysztof Dowgierd

⁴