Comparison of selected clinical tests for the assessment of ACL injury with respect to sensitivity and specificity - a review paper

The knee joint is prone to injury due to its complexity and weight-bearing function. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common knee injury with severe complications in the young and physically active population. This study aimed to perform a comparative evaluation of the Lachman, Anterior Drawer, Pivot-shift, and Lever tests in terms of sensitivity and specificity. According to existing research, the Lachman test appears to have the highest overall diagnostic accuracy, and the pivot-shift test has the highest specificity but low sensitivity results. The anterior drawer test has average results in both specificity and sensitivity. However, the Lever test can be successfully used by inexperienced individuals and patients immediately after injury (in the acute state)